Mastitis is inflammation of the milk ducts. This inflammation is the result of milk flowing backwards through the ducts and into the breast tissue due to an increase in pressure within the milk ducts. As breastmilk contains protein, when the milk enters the breast tissue this protein is recognised as foreign and activates an inflammatory response in the tissue. It is a common misconception that mastitis is always infective (meaning that it is a bacterial infection causing the problem, thus requiring antibiotics) however this is not always the case and often antibiotics are not required. Signs and symptoms of mastitis can include pain, swelling and redness of the breast, fatigue/general malaise and/or fever.
How do you treat mastitis?
When treating mastitis, it is important to first seek advice from your GP to determine if antibiotics are required. However, as not all mastitis is infective, it is necessary to treat the local symptoms as well. Therapeutic Ultrasound (TU) and breast massage are the most common treatment modalities for mastitis, working to increase lymphatic draining and reduce inflammation within the breast. TU is usually performed as soon as possible after symptoms arise and takes approximately 2-3 sessions close together. Your therapist will also teach you in session how to correctly perform breast tissue massage to enhance lymphatic draining by massaging AWAY from the nipple and toward the armpit in long, gentle strokes.
It is also important to determine exactly what has causing the mastitis in the first place to avoid further episodes. Mastitis can be caused by changes in feeding patterns, poor suckling/infant latch, or compression of the breast tissue itself. If you are unsure about your infants suckling/latch, an appointment with a lactation consultant may be able to help. Also ensure your bra is correctly fitted, not digging in, or putting excessive pressure over the breast tissue.
Lastly, it is advised to minimise activities and rest for 4-5 days in conjunction with treatment. During this time cold/ice packs can help to reduce pain and inflammation.
If you suspect you may have mastitis, get in contact with your local GP and mastitis trained physiotherapist as soon as possible. If treated early, mastitis can often be resolved quickly, and your breastfeeding can return to pain free normal function.
